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Occitan and Franco-Provençal

This Page

  1. About the Languages
  2. Occitan Accent Codes
    1. Windows Alt Codes
    2. Windows International Keyboard
    3. Macintosh Accent Codes
  3. Franco-Provençal Accents - See French or Italian
  4. International Keyboards (New Page)
  5. HTML Accent Codes
    1. Language Codes: oc (Occitan), fp (Franco-Provençal)
  6. Linux Links

About the Languages

About Occitan (oc)

Occitan (oc) refers to a series of related dialects in Southern France. Occitan's specific dialects include Langue D'oc, Provençal, Gascon, Limousin, and Auvergnat, all of which are reported to be mutually inteligible. Catalan is also closely related to this group of languages.

Franco-Provençal (fp)

Franco-Provençal is a third set of dialects "in between" standard French and Occitan spoken in the southeast, Western Switerland and northern Italy. Dialects include Picardie, Genevan, Savoy, Piedmontese (Italy).

Windows Alt Codes

In Windows, combinations of the ALT key plus a numeric code can be used to type a non-English character (accented letter or punctuation symbol) in any Windows application. More detailed instructions about typing accents with ALT keys are available.  Additional options for entering accents in Windows are also listed in the Accents section of this Web site.

See the French or Italian pages for information on Franco-Provençal accents.

Alt Codes for typing Occitan characters:
  Capital Vowels
À ALT+0192
Á ALT+0193
È ALT+0200
É ALT+0201
Í ALT+0205
Ò ALT+0210
Ó ALT+0211
Ú ALT+0218

 

  Lowercase Vowels
à ALT+0224
á ALT+0225
è ALT+0232
é ALT+0233
í ALT+0237
ò ALT+0242
ó ALT+0243
ú ALT+0250
  Consonants/Punctuation
Ç ALT+0199 (caps)
ç ALT+0231 (lower)
« ALT+0171 (Left Angle Quote)
» ALT+0187 (Right Angle Quote)
ALT+0128

 

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Windows International Keyboard Codes

In order to use these codes you must activate the international keyboard. Instructions are listed in the Keyboards section of this Web site.

Accented Vowels

This list is organized by Accent type. The sample shows a letter with that accent, and the Notes present any special comments about using that accent.

For the Template, the symbol "V" means type any vowel.

ACCENT SAMPLE TEMPLATE NOTES
Grave à À `, V ` = left single quote
Acute ó Ó ', V ' = apostrophe key

Example 1: To type lower case ó - Type the apostrophe key ('), then O.  For capital Ó, type the apostrophe, then capital O.

Consonants and Puncutation

For these codes, you must make sure you use the Alt key on the right side of the keyboard.
Note: that there is no shortcut for the joined O-E.

  Consonants/Punctuation
Ç Shift+RightAlt + <
ç RightAlt + <
« RightAlt+[
» RightAlt+]
Control+RightAlt+5

Windows Occitan Keyboard

If you wish to simulate a non U.S. keyboard, follow the instructions for Activating Keyboard Locales to activate and switch Microsoft keyboards.

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Macintosh Accent Codes

Accented Vowels

For the Template, the symbol "V" means any vowel. The format is to hold the first two keys down simultaneously, release, then type the vowel you wish to be accented.
Note: You should use the Occitan Keyboard if you need to type accents on the letter y.

ACCENT SAMPLE TEMPLATE
Grave à À Option+`, V
Acute ú Ú Option+E, V

Example 1: To input the lower case ó, hold down the Option key, then the E key. Release both keys then type lowercase o.
Example 2: To input the capital Ó, hold down the Option key, then the E key. Release all three keys then type capital O.

Other Characters

  Consonants/Punctuation
ç Option+C
Ç Shift+Option+C
« Option+\
» Shift+Option+\
Shift+Option+2
(not on older fonts)

 

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HTML Accent Codes

Occitan Encoding and Languge Tags

These are the codes which allow browsers and screen readers to process data as the appropriate language. All letters in codes are lower case.

See Using Encoding and Language Codes for more information on the meaning and implementation of these codes.

HTML Entity Codes

Use these codes to input accented letters in HTML. For instance, if you want to type algú you would type alg&uacte;.

The numbers in parentheses are the numeric codes assigned in Unicode encoding. For instance, because ú is number 250, alg&#250; can also be used to input algú. These numbers are also used with the Windows Alt codes listed above.

laquo and raquo are left and right double angle quotes
HTML entity code for Occitan characters:
  Capital Vowels
À &Agrave;(192)
Á &Aacute;(193)
È &Egrave; (200)
É &Eacute; (201)
Í &Iacute; (205)
Ò &Ograve; (210)
Ó &Oacute; (211)
Ú &Uacute; (218)

 

  Lowercase Vowels
à &agrave; (224)
á &aacute; (225)
è &egrave; (232)
é &eacute; (233)
í &icirc; (237)
ò &ograve; (242)
ó &oacute; (243)
ú &uacute; (250)
  Consonants/Punctuation
Ç &Ccedil; (199)
ç &ccedil; (231)
« &laquo; (171)
» &raquo; (187)
&lsaquo;
&rsaquo;
&euro;

Note: Older browsers may not the suport single angle codes (&lsaquo; / &rsaquo; for ‹ and ›).

 

Using Encoding and Language Codes

Computers process text by assuming a certain encoding or a system of matching electronic data with visual text characters. Whenever you develop a Web site you need to make sure the proper encoding is specified in the header tags; otherwise the browser may default to U.S. settings and not display the text properly.

To declare an encoding, insert or inspect the following meta-tag at the top of your HTML file, then replace "???" with one of the encoding codes listed above. If you are not sure, use utf-8 as the encoding.

Generic Encoding Template

<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=??? ">
...
<head>

Declare Unicode

<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8 ">
...
<head>

XHTML

The final close slash must be included after the final quote mark in the encoding header tag if you are using XHTML

Declare Unicode in XHTML

<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
...
<head>

No Encoding Declared

If no encoding is declared, then the browser uses the default setting, which in the U.S. is typically Latin-1. In that case many Unicode characters could be displayed incorrectly. Also, older browsers such as Netscape 4.7 may not be able to process the entity codes correctly without the "utf-8" declaration.

Language Tags

Language tags are also suggested so that search engines and screen readers parse the language of a page. These are meta data tags which indicate the page of a language, not devices to trigger translation. Visit the Language Tag page to view information on where to insert it.

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Linux Links

Linux/Unix

Occitan Language Links

Franco-Provençal Language Links

Romance Language Links

©Penn State University, 2000-2007.
This Web page maintained by Teaching and Learning with Technology, a unit of Information Technology Services. For questions or comments on this Web page, please contact Elizabeth J. Pyatt (ejp10@psu.edu).
Unicode character names and hexadecimal entity codes are taken from the public Unicode Character Charts.
Last Modified: Friday, 27-Jun-2008 14:46:40 EDT